四季草莓“赛娃”的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　四季草莓“赛娃”(Ｆｒａｇａｒｉａｖｅｓｃａｃｖ .ｓｅｌｖａ)。2　材料类别　匍匐茎尖。3　培养条件　 (1)芽诱导培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .1;(2 )增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＩＢＡ 0 .0 5 ;(3)生根培养基 :1/2ＭＳ     

四季草莓"赛娃"的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称　四季草莓"赛娃"(Fragaria vesca cv.selva). 2 材料类别　匍匐茎尖. 3 培养条件 (1)芽诱导培养基:MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA 0.1;(2)增殖培养基:MS+6-BA 1+IBA 0.05;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS+IBA 0.3.琼脂6.5 g·L-1,蔗糖30 g·L-1,培养基pH值为5.6～5.8,培养温度(25±1)℃,光照度1 500～2 000 lx,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

露尾甲科昆虫生物学及其防治研究进展

露尾甲科昆虫世界性分布 ,种类繁多 ,食性复杂 ,为害范围极广。本文从生物学、生态学及防治等方面对国内外研究现状进行了综述 ,初步明确此类昆虫的经济重要性 ,并提出了进一步研究的方向     

柏小爪螨发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在恒温条件下测定了柏小爪螨Oligonychusperditus卵、幼螨、若螨历期 ,成螨产卵前期和世代发育历期 ,用直线回归法和李典谟直接最优法分别计算了柏小爪螨各螨态和 1代的发育起点温度和有效积温 ,并根据有效积温法则预测了该螨在山东泰安地区 1年可能完成代数为 1 1代左右     

中华通草蛉卵、幼虫和成虫在麦田分布型的研究

研究了中华通草蛉卵、幼虫和成虫在麦田的分布型,均属聚集分布,分析提出适宜的取样调查方法,即双对象线或棋盘式10点,每点调查1m^2麦株。     

多效唑对花生叶片多胺含量及衰老的调节作用

通过对大田条件下生殖生长期花生喷施不同浓度的多效唑,研究了多效唑对叶片内源多受及其它衰老指标的影响,结果证明多效唑对内源多胺的影响较复杂,多效唑降低了幼嫩叶片的多胺含量,却提高了成熟叶片衰老阶段的多胺含量,并起到延缓衰老的作用,讨论了多效唑影响多胺含量的可能原因。     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

水氮互作对冬小麦田氨挥发损失和产量的影响

2015-2017年利用水肥渗漏研究池,以‘石麦15’(SM15)为材料,采用随机区组设计,设置2个氮肥类型(尿素和有机肥牛粪)、2个施氮水平(180和90 kg·hm^-2)、2个灌溉水平(500和250 mm)进行试验,探讨水、氮及其互作对冬小麦田土壤氨挥发损失量和籽粒产量的影响.结果表明: 施肥以后土壤氨挥发持续7 d左右.2015-2016年施肥后各处理土壤氨挥发损失总量为13.36～46.04 kg·hm^-2,氨挥发氮肥损失率为8.9%～41.1%,2016-2017年各处理土壤氨挥发损失总量为14.78～52.99 kg·hm^-2,氨挥发氮肥损失率为9.2%～45.8%;两年试验内氨挥发损失量最多的处理为W₂U₁(施尿素N 180 kg·hm^-2,灌溉量250 mm),氨挥发损失率最高的处理为W₂U₂(施尿素N 90 kg·hm^-2,灌溉量250 mm),合理的水氮管理可以显著降低土壤氨挥发损失率,施用尿素造成的土壤氨挥发损失为有机肥的2～3倍.两年试验均以W₁M₁(施牛粪N 180 kg·hm^-2,灌溉量500 mm)的小麦产量最高,灌溉量、肥料类型和施氮量互作对冬小麦产量影响极显著.综合氨挥发损失量和冬小麦籽粒产量,本试验条件下,水氮互作效应显著,冬小麦生育期内总灌溉量500 mm、施有机肥180 kg·hm^-2时冬小麦季土壤氨挥发损失率较低,产量最高,施用有机肥的增产效果优于尿素,可作为黄淮海地区冬小麦实际生产中增产增效的水肥优化管理方式.     

矮化苹果氮肥施用技术

以8年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究不同施氮方式(Ⅰ:春季1次性施氮,Ⅱ:分2次施氮,Ⅲ:集约技术施氮,即氮肥减量和分次施氮)对烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶¹⁵N-尿素吸收、利用、损失和果实品质的影响.结果表明:处理Ⅲ植株叶片的叶面积、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合速率(P_n)、叶片全氮含量和生物量(果实除外)显著高于处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ,植株根冠比也显著增加.处理Ⅲ显著提高了叶片的保护酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶),降低了叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量.3个处理各器官从肥料中吸收分配到的¹⁵N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)表现一致,果实的Ndff值最大,其次是一年生枝、叶片和根,且各器官的Ndff值均以处理Ⅲ最大.在果实成熟期,处理Ⅲ的单株总氮含量为93.0 mg·kg^-1,显著高于处理Ⅰ(70.2 mg·kg^-1)和处理Ⅱ(81.9 mg·kg^-1);处理Ⅲ的¹⁵N肥料利用率为33.6%,显著高于处理Ⅰ(20.4%)和处理Ⅱ(26.0%);而¹⁵N损失率为46.9%,显著低于处理Ⅰ(56.5%)和处理Ⅱ(52.9%).不同施氮方式下植株的平均单果质量、可溶性固形物、硬度、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比均存在显著差异,且均以处理Ⅲ最高,其次是处理Ⅱ,处理Ⅰ最低.     

供磷水平对梨砧木生长和15N-尿素吸收利用特性的影响

以一年生盆栽豆梨、川梨、木梨实生苗为试材,采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究了不同供磷水平(P₂O₅分别为0、50、100、150、200 kg·hm^-2,分别用P₀、P₁、P₂、P₃、P₄表示)对3种梨砧木生长和¹⁵N-尿素吸收、利用特性的影响.结果表明: 随着供磷水平的提高,砧木的株高、地径、干质量、根系总表面积、总根长、根尖数、根系活力、根系呼吸速率、Ndff值和氮素利用率均先升高后降低,但不同砧木升降幅度不同,且各指标出现峰值的磷水平不同.在同一磷素水平下,木梨的株高、地径、干质量均最高,川梨次之,豆梨最低,根系形态指标和根系呼吸速率呈相同规律,而Ndff值和氮素利用率表现不同.在不同磷素水平下,木梨在P₃处理各指标均达到最高水平,而川梨和豆梨分别在P₂和P₁处理各指标均达到最高水平;砧木各器官的Ndff值在不同磷水平下均以茎最高;木梨的最高氮素利用率(种植季的肥料N回收率)为9.6%、川梨为8.9%、豆梨为8.3%.以上结果表明,不同梨砧木生长和氮素吸收利用特性在不同磷水平下响应不同,生产中应根据砧木需磷特性合理施磷.